Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Python

What Is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a way of writing code that is based on real-world objects.
Each object has:

• Attributes (things it has)

• Methods (things it can do)

OOP makes code reusable, readable, and organized.

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Why Use OOP?

✅ Helps break complex programs into smaller parts
✅ Encourages code reuse
✅ Makes it easy to update or scale your program
✅ Helps in modeling real-world problems

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Key Concepts in OOP

1. Class

• A blueprint for creating objects

• Think of it as a template

class Car:
    def __init__(self, brand, color):
        self.brand = brand
        self.color = color

2. Object

• An instance of a class

• Created using the class blueprint

my_car = Car("Toyota", "Red")

3. Constructor (__init__ Method)

• Special method that runs when an object is created

• Used to initialize object attributes

4. Attributes

• Variables inside the class

• Hold information about the object

print(my_car.color)  # Output: Red

5. Methods

• Functions inside a class

• Define actions the object can do

class Car:
    def start(self):
        print("Car has started")

my_car = Car()
my_car.start()  # Output: Car has started

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Other Important OOP Concepts

6. Inheritance

• A class can inherit properties from another class

class ElectricCar(Car):
    def charge(self):
        print("Charging...")

7. Encapsulation

• Keeps data safe and hidden

• Use private variables and getter/setter methods

8. Polymorphism

• Same method name, different behavior depending on the object

def start(vehicle):
    vehicle.start()

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Conclusion

Object-Oriented Programming in Python helps you write clean, modular, and efficient code.
It’s perfect for building large applications, games, APIs, and more.

Once you understand classes, objects, and key OOP principles, Python becomes a much more powerful tool in your hands.

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